Clik here to view.
Ankara Castle. Photo courtesy of Bahatur.
The history of Ankara began long with the Bronze Age Hatti civilization, followed by the Hittites, who subsumed the Hatti and became the region’s dominant power around 2000 BC. The Hittites were followed by the Phyrgians, the Lydians, the Persians, the Galatians, the Roman and finally the Turks.
Needless to say, Ankara has a pretty extensive history, and some remnants of these past civilization remain today. Ankara is a large city, but its major historical sights can be covered in a day, especially given that most are concentrated on or around the ancient hill topped by Ankara’s ancient Citadel. The best way to explore Ankara’s historical highlights is on a private tour. Here are some of the sites worth checking out:
The Citadel
Ankara’s lofty Citadel (‘Hisar’ or ‘Kale’ in Turkish) can be seen from anywhere in the city. Here you’ll find the ancient foundations of Ankara, which date back to Hittite times some 3000 years ago. The current walls were constructed by the Byzantine emperor Michael II the 800s, while the walls of the inner keep walls date to the 600s.
Also within the Citadel is a small mosque, the Alaettin Camii, which was originally built in the 1100s. Within you’ll find some fine Selcuk art and wood craftsmanship
Near the gate of the castle is the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, which is a beautifully restored portion of an old caravanserai. One of Turkey’s finest museums, it contains artifacts stretching from the Paleolithic and Neolithic eras through to the Hatti, Hittite, Phrygian, Urartu and Roman civilizations.
Çengel Han Rahmi M Koç Museum
Directly across from the Citadel’s main entrance is the Çengel Han Rahmi M Koç Museum. It is housed in a former caravanserai that dates to 1522. The museum’s features exhibits on technology.
Seljuk Turkish Ahi Serafettin Mosque and Tomb
Downhill from the Citadel is the Seljuk-era Ahi Serafettin Mosque and Tomb, which dates back to 1290. Unfortunately it’s only possible to visit during prayer times.
Roman Ankara
At the foot of the Citadel near Ulus Square lie the remains of Roman Ankara. The ruins include the Temple of Augustus, built around 20 BC, and the Column of Julian. Nearby you’ll also find some Roman baths, constructed in the third century by the Emperor Caracalla.
Anıtkabir
It may not date back thousands of years, but the Anıtkabir, the impressive Mausoleum of Kemal Atatürk, founder of the Turkish Republic and the nation’s most revered hero, is not to be missed. Occupying one of the most prominent hills in the city, the mausoleum is a synthesis of ancient and modern architectural styles.
Yenimahalle
In Yenimahalle district you’ll find a number of sites that reflect Ankara’s rich history, including the Akkopru Bridge, built in 1222 by the Selcuk ruler Ala’addin Keykubat.
